In everyone's common sense, it is known that the structure of sperm is composed of a head and tail, just like a small tadpole, swimming through the rapid movement of its tail. But some male friends have sperm that are not so normal. The tail of these sperm does not swing normally, but instead shows sluggishness and stagnation, which is called sperm ciliary immobility. Some friends, after discovering the disease, are very concerned about whether sperm problems will lead to infertility, and are even more concerned about whether the disease will be directly transmitted to the next generation through genetics. So what is the fact?

1、 Etiology of sperm ciliary immobility

Primary ciliary movement disorder is characterized by congenital mucociliary clearance dysfunction. The root cause is a defect in the cilia of the airway, resulting in inability to move rhythmically (cilia not moving), inability to move rhythmically (cilia movement disorders), or complete loss of cilia (underdeveloped cilia). This is a genetic disease that has been reported in most parts of the world. The prevalence rate for males and females is approximately one-third of 10000. Due to defects in the cilia of embryonic nodules, it can cause arbitrary body asymmetry, with approximately 50% of patients experiencing complete visceral inversion. When a patient has visceral inversion, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis at the same time, it is called Cartagena syndrome. PCD is a highly heterogeneous syndrome that can be caused by any of the following material defects: various peptides in the cilia or sperm flagella axis (central axis), other proteins in the cilia membrane, and the matrix or proteins required for the correct assembly of cilia. The missing or defective components may vary among different patients, and the clinical manifestations may vary depending on the nature of the lesion. The motor cilia of the upper and lower respiratory epithelial cells are composed ofα Andβ Microtubules composed of microtubule protein monomers and complex axons, the latter consisting of inner and outer agonist arms, radiation, and linker protein chains. Each epithelial cell in the respiratory tract has approximately 200 cilia, which move in a coordinated rhythm to clear respiratory secretions. Mutations in genes encoding the ciliary axoneme structure and its accessory structures can lead to PCD. Some mutations can cause ultrastructural abnormalities, while others can cause functional abnormalities without affecting the ultrastructure.

2、 Is Sperm Ciliary Immobility Certain to Be Infertility?

It is an epidemic disease caused by defects in ciliary structure and is a hereditary disease. In addition to male infertility, it can also cause the following diseases: chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, irritable bowel syndrome, etc. The second personality characteristic is that the patient's sexual organ development is normal, and the amount and quantity of semen are within the normal range. Sperm staining shows that the sperm is alive, but cannot or rarely moves. Ultrastructural examination shows axonal lesions. In recent years, the incidence rate of close relatives in marriage areas is relatively high, with a variety of medical histories such as chronic pneumonia, chronic rhinitis, nasal polyps, chronic or recurrent maxillary sinusitis, ethmoid sinusitis, etc. This syndrome may be congenital, so there is no specific and effective treatment for sperm cells. Research has shown that the sperm of patients with this syndrome have a series of functions such as capacitation, acrosome reaction, fusion with the egg membrane, and nuclear depolymerization. However, whether it can be used for in vitro artificial insemination to produce IVF and solve fertility problems is still a topic that needs to be studied. At present, the treatment of ciliary immobility syndrome mainly focuses on non-specific measures for respiratory infections to prevent their further development.

3、 Will ciliary immobility be passed on to the next generation?

Ciliary immobility syndrome can usually lead to childbirth and requires close observation during pregnancy. The disease is a polygenic disease caused by ciliary structural defects, which is an autosomal recessive genetic disease, with a incidence rate of 1.30%~1.60%. This disease carries the risk of being passed on to the next generation, and chronic and refractory sinusitis and lung infections in children should be considered. Suitable for patients with nasal congestion, expectoration, dyspnea, sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. The possibility of illness should be considered and relevant examinations should be completed as soon as possible. Such as mucosal biopsy, fluorescence electron microscopy, and ciliary body movement analysis.

Overall, ciliary immobility is a relatively troublesome genetic disease that may not only be passed on to offspring, but also lead to infertility and a series of pathological reactions. In severe cases, severe respiratory diseases may also occur. So it is necessary to detect the disease as soon as possible and undergo certain treatment interventions, but this cannot be eradicated. If you want to have a child without inheritance, it is recommended to consider making a third generation test tube!