IVF technology has been continuously developing and improving since the beginning of the first generation, and has now reached the third generation of IVF technology. So someone must have asked, what are the differences between the first, second, and third generations of IVF? Today, let me give you a lesson on science popularization.

First generation in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Mainly referring to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, IVF only has a nickname. In fact, embryos and infants are not cultured in vitro. They only cultivate eggs and sperm in glass containers for two days, and then fertilize the eggs. When the fertilized egg divides into the initial embryo of 4-8 individual cells, they are transplanted to the human uterus and grow and develop again until the pregnant woman gives birth. In clinical medicine, the first generation of in vitro fertilization is widely used. At present, hundreds of thousands of in vitro babies have emerged in the world through a generation of technology. The first generation IVF is mainly suitable for infertility patients such as tubal obstruction and endometriosis. However, the technical success rate of a generation of infants is very low, depending on the quality of the sperm itself, the quality of the eggs, laboratory equipment and environment, and natural probability. And there are no medical methods such as genetic screening. It is a relatively backward medical technology method. But this technology is still being re applied in China.

Second generation in vitro fertilization (ICSI)

Mainly refers to intracytoplasmic sperm injection. This is a precise and exquisite technique that requires practical operation under a microscope: the egg is fixed by a special fixed clamp, and then sperm is absorbed through a slender needle tube, passing through the translucent zone outside the egg and the egg cytoplasm; When the puncture device enters the nucleus, sperm is injected into the nucleus of the egg, allowing it to grow into an initial embryo with 4-8 individual cells; Then the embryo is transferred to the human uterus and grows and develops again until the pregnant woman gives birth.

The second-generation IVF technology is the most cutting-edge assisted reproductive method, with a significantly higher success rate than the first generation, and a significantly higher survival rate after implantation. But there is still no reasonable genetic screening technology to prevent diseases. At present, this assisted reproductive technology is rapidly being introduced in some developed regions of China.

Third generation in vitro fertilization (PGD)

The third generation of test tubes is a cutting-edge technology in the assisted reproductive industry, essentially the development of first and second generation products, representing the world's largest level. Utilizing the high success rate of second-generation technology and a new microbial gene testing and screening technology, we focus on the success rate of egg sperm binding, the survival rate of sperm egg binding, and combine contemporary eugenics and fertility diagnosis technology to authoritatively conduct genetic diagnosis before embryo implantation. When the embryo grows to a small embryo with 4-8 individual cells, 1 or 2 individual cells (commonly referred to as disintegrating balls in medicine) are removed under a microscope for genetic examination and their integrity is maintained.

The improvement of the third generation in vitro fertilization technology is a milestone. From the perspective of microbial genetics, it helps humans choose the strongest and healthiest offspring, providing parents with dominant genes and potential genetic diseases with the possibility of having healthy children in the future. The third generation IVF PGD technology, also known as pre implantation genetic diagnosis. Using microscope technology to extract somatic cells from embryos for genetic analysis, diagnose any abnormalities, choose healthy embryo transfer, and avoid genetic diseases.