Uterine malformation, also known as uterine dysplasia, is a congenital disease and the most common reproductive organ malformation. Some patients with uterine malformations may not have any conscious symptoms, such as menstruation, sexual activity, pregnancy, childbirth, etc., So much so that they haven't been discovered for a lifetime, or occasionally discovered during physical examinations. According to clinical findings, most women with this physical condition are congenital, and a few are acquired. Due to individual differences in each woman, the shape and type of uterine malformation are different.

The reproductive organ malformation during female uterine malformation is mainly caused by abnormal development of the accessory mesonephric duct during embryonic development. The main symptoms are irregular menstruation, infertility, and recurrent miscarriage in women. Currently, there are 7 types of uterine malformations, including arched and T-shaped in addition to heart-shaped.

Causes of uterine malformations:

1、 Uterine deficiency: refers to the absence of the uterus, characterized by amenorrhea, puberty, but no menstruation. This type of uterine malformation is intangible and cannot conceive on its own;

2、 Single horn uterus: Only one side of the accessory mesonephric duct is well developed, belonging to the typical banana shape, and the probability of pregnancy is relatively small;

3、 Double uterus: Both fallopian tubes have development, but cannot fuse together, possibly due to cervical twins and vaginal separation, with the shape of two bananas;

4、 Double angle uterus: Only the fallopian tubes form the upper part of the uterus, which cannot fuse. The uterus and stomach are normal, the skull is forked, and the uterus is heart-shaped, with minimal impact on fertility;

5、 Arched uterus: The fundus of the uterus protrudes into the uterine cavity, forming a bow and arrow shape;

6、 Mediastinal uterus: From the fundus of the uterus to the inner or outer opening of the cervix, the uterine cavity is divided into two complete cavities, usually merging with the vaginal mediastinum;

7、 Uterine DES: There is a concave cavity at the bottom of the uterus in the cavity, and the uterus is shaped.

During the formation and differentiation of female reproductive organs, the differentiation and development of the primordial gonads are influenced by endogenous factors (such as chromosomal segregation, chimerism, karyotype abnormalities, etc.) or exogenous factors (such as the use of sex hormone drugs, etc.). The fusion, canalization, and development of the primordium of the internal genitalia may undergo changes, leading to various developmental abnormalities. Abnormalities caused by underdeveloped derivatives of the accessory mesonephric duct can lead to abnormal development of the uterus and fallopian tubes, such as absence of uterus, absence of vagina, primordial uterus, uterine dysplasia, uniangular uterus, etc.